Medical marijuana has become a subject of great interest for patients and healthcare professionals alike. However, its potential therapeutic benefits and evolving legal frameworks continue to raise questions about where it stands in modern medicine.
This article aims to clarify the essentials of medical marijuana, its benefits, risks, and how it can be accessed in the UK.
What is Medical Marijuana?
Medical marijuana refers to cannabis that is prescribed for therapeutic purposes. It’s different from recreational cannabis, as it’s used specifically to treat medical conditions and symptoms.
The plant contains a variety of compounds known as cannabinoids, with two of the most studied being:
- THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol): The psychoactive compound responsible for the 'high' associated with cannabis use. It also has potential therapeutic effects, particularly for pain and nausea relief.
- CBD (Cannabidiol): A non-psychoactive compound that has been researched for its anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, and anti-seizure properties.
How It Differs from Recreational Cannabis
The key difference between medical marijuana and recreational cannabis is its use and regulation. Healthcare professionals prescribe medical marijuana, which contains controlled amounts of THC and CBD based on a patient’s specific needs.
Recreational cannabis is typically used without medical guidance and often contains higher levels of THC.
Legal Status in the UK
In the UK, medical marijuana became legal in November 2018 for specific medical conditions. However, it remains tightly regulated, and access is limited.
Recreational cannabis is still illegal under UK law, with possession and distribution considered criminal offences.
Potential Benefits of Medical Marijuana
Research suggests that medicinal cannabis can help with a variety of conditions. While more studies are needed, there is evidence to support its use in managing certain health issues.
Some of the potential benefits of medical marijuana include:
- Chronic pain relief: Many patients suffering from conditions like arthritis [1] or neuropathic pain [2] find relief through THC and CBD. These cannabinoids interact with the body's endocannabinoid system, which regulates pain perception.
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Cannabis-based medicines like Sativex have been shown to reduce muscle spasms and stiffness in MS patients [3].
- Epilepsy: CBD has been particularly effective in reducing seizures in certain types of epilepsy [4], such as Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Epidyolex, a CBD-based medication, has been approved for these conditions.
- Nausea and vomiting: THC may help alleviate nausea [5] and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, making it a potential option for cancer patients undergoing treatment.
- Anxiety and sleep disorders: Some studies suggest that the benefits of THC and CBD include relief from anxiety symptoms and improved sleep [6] in patients with insomnia or PTSD.
Side Effects and Risks of Medical Marijuana
While medicinal cannabis offers potential benefits, it is not without its risks. Side effects can vary depending on the patient, the dosage, and the duration of use.
Common short-term side effects include:
- Dry mouth
- Dizziness
- Fatigue or drowsiness
- Increased heart rate
- Impaired coordination
Long-term effects of medical marijuana use may involve:
- Cognitive impairment: Prolonged use of THC has been linked to memory issues and reduced cognitive function [7], particularly in younger users.
- Mental health concerns: Some studies suggest an association between heavy cannabis use and mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety, although the evidence is still debated.
- Addiction: While the risk of addiction is lower with medical marijuana than with recreational cannabis, it remains a concern. Some patients may develop a dependency, especially those using THC-rich strains.
It’s also important to note that cannabis use can affect brain development in adolescents, so its use is generally not recommended for individuals under 25 unless absolutely necessary.
Medical Marijuana in the UK: Access and Regulations
Access to medical marijuana in the UK is heavily regulated, and only a small number of patients can obtain it through legal channels.
Prescription Requirements
Medical marijuana is only prescribed when other treatment options have been exhausted. To be eligible, a patient must have one of the following conditions:
- Chronic pain
- Severe epilepsy
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
These prescriptions are typically provided by specialist doctors rather than general practitioners. The doctor must assess that the benefits of weed for the patient outweigh the risks.
Approved Products
Currently, there are a few cannabis-based medicines approved for use in the UK, including:
- Sativex (for MS-related muscle spasms)
- Epidyolex (for epilepsy)
Patients may also access unlicensed cannabis products through private clinics. However, it can be expensive, and they are not always covered by the NHS.
Recent Policy Changes
Although medical marijuana has been legal in the UK since 2018 for specific conditions, access remains limited due to strict regulations. Only specialist doctors can prescribe it, typically for severe cases like chronic pain, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy, making it difficult for many patients to obtain treatment.
Most NHS prescriptions are restricted, forcing some patients to seek costly private prescriptions or travel overseas for treatment. Campaigns are ongoing to widen access and allow GPs to prescribe medical marijuana, as well as to expand NHS coverage.
Recent policy discussions highlight the need for easier access, but no major changes have occurred yet. For now, patients face high costs and limited availability.
However, to address a common question: is cannabidiol legal in the UK? Yes, CBD products remain legal and widely available in the UK, provided they contain less than 0.2% THC.
In Summary
Medical marijuana presents a promising option for patients with certain medical conditions, offering relief where other treatments have failed. While the benefits of smoking weed remain a subject of debate, medicinal cannabis provides more controlled and targeted uses.
If you’re interested in enjoying CBD in a controlled, recreational way, why not try our range of CBD flowers or pre-rolls? They provide a safe and easy way for you to unwind — what’s not to love?
FAQs
Is medical marijuana legal in the UK?
Yes, but only for specific medical conditions, and it is prescribed by specialists under strict regulations.
What's the difference between medical marijuana and CBD oil?
Medical marijuana contains both THC and CBD, whereas CBD oil contains only cannabidiol, without the psychoactive effects of THC. CBD oil is more widely available in the UK.
Can you drive after using medical marijuana?
No you can't drive under the influence medical marijuana is illegal in the UK, as THC can impair motor skills and reaction times.
How is medical marijuana administered?
It can be taken in various forms, including oils, capsules, sprays, and vaporisers. Smoking cannabis is not recommended due to its harmful effects on the lungs.
Are there any drug interactions with medical marijuana?
Medical marijuana can interact with other medications, particularly those metabolised by the liver. Always consult a healthcare professional before use.